Ingot-mold.



No. 818,684. PATENTED APR. 24, 1906. H. GREY.

INGOT MOLD.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 3, 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

i [l' I'III'IIH WITNESSES A TTOHNE YJ' PATENTED APR. 24, 1906.

H. GREY.

INGOT MOLD.

APPLICATION FILED 0013, 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 ciallysteel ingots, and has reference more especially to metal molds suitable for casting of I-beams or flanged bars or girders or structural work of UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY GREY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN UNIVERSAL MILL COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF WEST VIRGINIA.

lNGOT-MOLD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 24, 1906.

Application filed October 3, 1902. Serial No. 125,848.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY GREY, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ingot- Molds and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in molds for use in casting metal ingots, espemgots for the manufacture any profile or crosssection other than square, round, or rectangular, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, hereinafter more particularly referred to.

In the said drawings, Figure I is a side ele- Vation of an in ot-mold embodying my invention. Fig. I- is a top plan of the said mold. Fig. III is a right-hand side elevation relative to Fi I, partly in section on lines III III, Fig. Fig. IV is an elevation corresponding with Fig. III except as to the illustration of certain features or peculiarities hereinafter referred to.

The most advantageous shape for a caststeel ingot is one nearly as possible approximating the shape and proportion of the finished bar or product to which the ingot is to be reduced without unduly increasing the cost of the ingot-mold or decreasing the necessary amount of work which any rolled-steel product should have, so as to obtain its maximum amount of ultimate tensile strength, elastic limit, and elongation. When an ingot is made for an I-beam and the cross-sectional area and thickness of the web of the ingot bear to the cross-sectional area and thickness, respectively, of the web of the finished beam the same or approximately same ratio which the cross-sectional area and mean thickness of the flanges or heads of the ingot bear to the cross-sectional area and mean thickness, respectively, of the heads or flanges of the finished beam, the Whole ingot, web, and flanges can be rolled or elongated proportionately and without undue strains being set up or occurring byreason of one part of the section or blank being unduly elongated and having to drag the other part of the blank or section along with it, thus producing uneven ends into scrap instead of finished product or material. mates the shape of the finished beam or product much unnecessary work, especially for making a large-sized product, is dispensed with. It is well known that molten steel contracts in cooling, and it is also well known that cast iron expands upon becomin heated, hence the difliculty of making a stee ingot in a cast-iron mold when the ingot is of greater thickness at one or both sides or ends than in its central portion or web. The mold when the molten steel is poured into it obviously expands and that part of the mold contiguous to the web of the ingot elongates from expansion and presses against the inner surfaces of the steel which forms the flan es of the ingot. As the mold becomes gradually hotter and expands in proportion and the molten steel contracts as it becomes cooler and solidifies, it follows that in a solid and non-partible mold,the two opposing forces working in opposite directions and the molten steel in a greater proportion than the iron of the mold, the ingot would bind itself with irresistible force upon that part of the mold contiguous to the Inner sides of the flan es of the ingot and would crack the in ot whi e cooling at the junction of the said sides of the flanges of the ingot with the web of the ingot-that is, at the points marked 17 in Fig. II. It is evident therefore that unless means are adopted to obviate this diflicultyin making an ingot which in cross-section is thinner in its central portion or web than at the heads or flanges it will either be very difficult to strip the mold from the ingot or to obtain an ingot which when stripped is free from the imperfections hereinbefore mentioned.

I would here remark that an ingot of the character indicated should not only be cast in a partible mold, but the ingot should be made of such shapethat is, the slope of the inner sides of the flanges of the ingot inwardly toward the web or body portion of the ingot should be long enoughthat while the cross-sectional area and mean thickness of the flanges of the ingot bear to the crosssectional area and mean thickness, respectively, of the flanges of the finished beam of the same or approximately same ratio which Also if the shape of the ingot approxiexpansion the cross-sectionalarea and thickness of the Web. or body portion of the ingot bear to the cross-seet ona tively, of the web or body portion of the finished beam or product the ingot shall partleipate in the release of the moldl'fromthe ingot; and'free itself from strains likely'to disrupt 1t, poured into the mold the inner surfaces of the mold become heated .before the exterior of will be a tendency to:

the mold, and there elongate the said inner surfaces before the said exterior, thus making the mold, if it were of the partibletype,

assume, if allowed, a shapeas slo waymost easyto itself and to provide means ing the upright halves or sections; of t e mold after expanding and becoming; t separated from returning.

'and'normal ositions relative to each other.

for reventing to their original The said mo d-sections before casting should be as close together aspossible, as isshown in Figs. Iand' III, at the oints marked 20, while after casting there s ould bebetween the said. sections a s ace equal to themean of the mo d, which space is represented in Fig. IV as bemg between the two I dotted lines 12 and between the two unbroken lines 22.

" said ingot is to be rolling-mills without leaving The object of my invention is to provide a artible mold'for casting an ingothavingthe desired shape and proportionrelative to the roduct to which the need, to render the from the ingot by use in all modern I the ingot in a disrupted or partially disrupted or imperfect condition, and generally to successfully avoid contour of the beam pr' re mold readily removable such-machinery as is in j the difficulties or objectionable features heretures of tofore encountered in the use got-molds. v X

With this object in view and to the end of realizing other advantages hereinafter appearing this invention consists in certain fear construction 1 and combinations of arts hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims;

My improved longitudinally artible ingot-mold comprises two vertical -arranged or upright sections 1 and 2, which have the contour and arrangement required to form of partible marea and thickness, respec-- Obviously as the hot molten steel is of'the separable, u

0 POSitB'halVGS or portions, respectively, of

t e interior-shamber of sides, respect 1yely, of the the said sections directions, andconsequently nto each of the said mold-sections,

the mold, at opposite joints 2,0 between-v (The said chamber is en- .larged laterally, as at 18,- adjacent to each joint 20 in opposite so as to render the-mold suitable forv cast ng an ingot having a webor body portion between two heads or flanges.

The'inner side" wall 16 of each lateral enlargement 18. of the chamber of the mold slopes lnwardly considerably or appreciably toward the contiguous sidewall 21 of the centralportion of the said chamber, as shown very c erably ate-an obtuse'angle-of about one dred and thirty-five degreest-o ous wall 21.

The mold-sectional and 2 are assembled and rest removably' upon a' stool or base 11'.

early in F1g.j II; Each sloping wall 16 is arranged refun- I v the contigu- Adjacent to each joint 20 between the mold-sections 1 and 2 and externally of the mold are twotie rods or bolts 5 and. 5, which. are arranged horizontally and cross the said joint externally 'of the u per lower portion, respective o the -mold.

ortionand.

Each bolt5 extends through two correspondl 1y arranged and registering ears4 and 4, which are formed upon an integral with the different mold-sections land 2, respectively. Each bolt 5 extends a suitable distance outside of and beyond the o, ter ends of themgagin ears and is provided with screwthrea s upon its end'p rtions beyond the said ends of the said ears. Each threaded end of each bolt 5 bears a correspondingly-threaded. threads upon the nut 6, which engages with bolt, and next to the inner end of the said nut is a washer 8. One of the nuts 6"upon each bolt 5 is'arranged far enough from the outer end of the adjacent bolteng'aged ear to accommodate the location between thesald' adjacentto the inner ear and the washer next end of the said nut ofa spiral spun 9, which is coiled upon the bolt and confine between the said ear and the said washer. 5 is enlarged 1 diametricall 6, through which .the said olt extends. The

said central and diametricallyel'arger portion -of the said bolt extends into the inner end I of the car, which forms an abutment for the spring on the said bolt, which car has the bolt-receiving hole thereof larger diametrice ally in the inner end of the ear to freely accommodate the location of the'said central and diametricallylarger portion of thebolt.

The central and diametrically-larger portion of each bolt 5 isrovided with a slot13, which extends vertica y through as well as longitudinally of the bolt and in the normal or closed-together osition of themold-sec-tions 1 and 2 is partia 1y covered by thesurrounding wall of the inner enlarged end of the boltreceiving hole of the ear,

which isengaged by Each bolt 1 between the ears I the s ring upon the said bolt, and a correspon ingly vertically arranged downwardlytapering key or wedge 10 engages the said slot and is contiguous to the inner end of the said ear. The relative arrangement of the parts is such that when the mold-sections 1 and 2 are in their normal position and'close together, as shown in Figs. I, II, and III, the key or wedge 10 of each bolt 5 is in its elevated position, but when the mold expands, so as to result in a separation of the moldsections 1 and 2 at the joints 20, the two ears 4, engaging the said bolt, will become farther separated, and consequently the said key or wedge will gradually descend while the mold is gradually expanding, and thereby hold the said mold-sections apart.

Fig. IV, as already indicated, illustrates the approximate condition of the mold and attachments after the mold has become approximately uniformly heated throughout and shows the two moldsections 1 and 2 apart to the extent of the space between the lines 12 and 12 and between the lines 22 and 22 and the keys or wedges 10 dropped down and forming means for preventing the said mold-sections from returning toward each other to their former and normal position. (Shown in Figs. I, II, and III.) Fig. IV also shows the springs 9 partially compressed, but with suflicient leeway left to allow of the mold-sections 1 and 2 separating still farther when the stripping-machine (not shown) is brought into operation to draw the ingotmold from the ingot.

By the construction hereinbefore described it will be observed that the nuts 6 upon each bolt or rod 5 form stops, which are instrumental in limiting endwisemovement of the said rod or bolt in opposite directions, respectively, and that the spring upon the said bolt being confined between one of the said stop-forming members and the adjacent ear 4 constitutes an elastic and compressible device, which acts to retain the mold-sections 1 and 2 in their normal position and has a range of compression not only suflicient to accommodate an expansion and separation of the mold-sections from heat, but adequate to permit a farther se aration of the moldsections, if required, uring the Withdrawal subsequently of the mold from the ingot.

The mold-sections 1 and 2 are provided externally and at and contiguous to the top and outer end of each ear 4 with a shield-forming flange 15, which overhangs the nut-bearing portion of the bolt which extends through the said ear and also overhangs the sprin of the siiid bolt, if the bolt is provided with .1 spring, so that the nuts .6, the springs 9, and the threaded ends of the bolts 5 are amply protected and not liable to be injured or interfered with by accidentally-spilled molten metal.

As already indicated, in the preferred form of ingot suitable for makin a bar or beam having a web between two an es the crosssectional area and mean thic ess of the flanges of the ingot bearto the cross-sectional area and mean thickness, respectively, of the flanges of the finished beam or bar to which the ingot is to be reduced the same or approximately same ratio which the cross-sectional area and thickness of the web of the l ingot bear to the cross-sectional area and thickness, respectively, of the web of the said final roduct, and consequently the interior chamber of my improved mold has such outline in horizontal cross-section relative to the cross-sectional outline of the finished product to which the ingot cast in the mold is to be subsequently reduced that the distance between opposite internal side walls of the molds portion in which the web of the ingot is formed bears to the mean distance between opposite side walls of the lateral enlargements of the chamber the same or approximately same ratio which the thickness of the web of the aforesaid final product bears to the mean thickness of the flanges of the said product.

The parts of the mold are assembled and operate as follows: Thebolts are placed in position and then the mold-sections 1 and 2 assembled upon the base 11. The nuts6 upon each bolt 5 are tightened enou h to make the joints between the said mold-sections sufficiently tight but the springs 9 have sufficient leeway to freely permit an expansion of the mold. The tapered keys or wedges 10 are then placed in the slots in the bolts. It will be observed that the ear-engagin edge of each wedge or key 10 is straig t vertically, that the opposite edge of the said key or wedge slopes downwardly and inwardly, and that the wall of the slot which is engaged by said sloping edge of the wed e or key slopes correspondingly. The slot in each bolt 5 is long enough to provide room when the mold expands and presses or acts against the action of the s ring 11 on the said bolt for the engaging we go or 'ey to drop farther in the said slot, and thereby prevent the mold-sections 1 and 2 from returning to each other. In casting the ingot when the parts have been assembled, as shown in Figs. I, II, and III the molten metal is then poured into the mold. Obviously the part of the moldthe inside-with which the molten steel makes contact expands, while the outside of the mold, where the heat has not yet arrived, refuses to expand. The effort of the inside of the mold to lengthen out bends the mold-sections land 2 into the arcs of large circles, as shown approximately and diagrammatically by the dotted lines 14 in Fig. IV. This action causes a farther separation of the two ears 4, engaged by each tie-bolt 5, and results in a compression of the sprin 9 of the said bolt and enables the wedge or key of the capable of holding .the mold has exp 7 ions 1 and 2 :are 1n the the lines 12. and 22.

said bolt 1-;0 9.11 saber into the $101; 1 0i.- the I bolt. Now 'Whenthe mold has'b'ecome heat- .d throughout it thatxthe outside end portions I of the mold-sec from returnin position the middle or centra portions of the readily be understood I of the mold also lengthens out, but as the keys or wedges 10 prevent the tions .1 and 2.

.to their ori al' orf norm al saidmold-sections draw back or away from l degree of solidification each-other, so as-to leave'the'said"mold+sec- I tions held separated tothe extent of the spacebetween the'twodotted lines 12 the two unbroken v outside of the ingot is "with the cool iron lines 22 in Fig. IV. The chilled by its contact mold and is thoroughly tself in shape by the time an'dedand the mold-sec- 1 T. automatically "enlarge and the ingot by reason of; its greater or less having ecrea'sed'th e. mold thus having s ace necessaryforitself; it follows that if 'lt e slope of the walls-.16 is 'longenoughthe mold can be readily withdrawn from'the ine ot, but if there shouldstill be some tendencyor'the inner sides of thehe'ads or flanges of the ot to'bind uponor attach to .the 16 o f tii "w 'ch is-calledia strip er theingotishel StillJWhile ressure P 7 .a amst the ower ends-of theilugs 1 9,'w' it w ch the upper portions-of the mold-secwalls e mold then when by. the application and operationofthe machine, (not shown 1s exerted upwardly tions 1 and Zaneprovided externally the capability ofcthe springs 9 tofbe compressed I, wall 16 of each lateral enlargement '18'ofthestill farther. will cooperatewith the appreci mold toable inwardly-s10 ingwalls 1 6 of the accommodate an facilitate'a' farther separation of the mold-sections when the ingot 1s. asaforesaid, during the operation.

ofthe stripperto withdraw .the' mold. fromheld still,

theingotp Q I would here remark that especially important is; the arrangement of the inner side chamber of the mold' at an obtuse angle of considerabledegree to fthe' contiguous side wall"'2l of the said chamber in connection with the capabilit "of-the. springs 9' to be further compresse after. the compression of the saidsprings b.

I the operationof the keys 10,so.that;any im I the mold of theme d from; the "ingot in a farther sep of a wall'16 o the mold andt perfections u or flange of the ingot ca'st in the moldsuch, for instance, as a swell or projection on" one of the saidsurfa'ces engaging a recess in the other, ofthe said 'surfacesw1ll instead of lockingvor attaching or binding the in ot to articipate during the with awal ainst the acut such ad,-

aration of the mold-sections a tion of the aforesaid springs,

pression by the ex or between osition indicated by d the space it.

d' of -t e chamber of the mold I the expansion and sep-.v 818111011 of the mo d-sections'from heat and on orin the. o ,posing surfaces e adjacent head.

{covering the I aforesaidslot members on the fined between; one

erasesdam; sepmfiandr the mom-stamens 0b viously couldflnot take place the walls 16 angle to the contiguous" walls 21 and the aforesaid sprin s had-not the capability to yield .s'till fartl ier after their tions fromheatnother words,'in order to prevent locking of the mold-sections to the ingot atthe inner sides of the heads or v flanges 'of-the ingot by mperfections present in or on theopp'osing surfaces of the ingot and mold 'at the said inner sides of the flanges or heads of-the ingot the springs or means acting to yieldingly holdl-the mold-sections in their normal positiohandclose to ether artial comansion of t e mold-secwere not arrangedat an appreciable obtuse I have not only the capability ofafior ing a separation'ofthe'mo -'sections to accommodate t'he'ex gansion of. the said mold-sections from heat, ut are yield-'able."sti-ll farther to accommodatea farther separation ofthe said mold-sections when the ingot is held still'during'the withdrawal of the mold from inner side walls 16 of the enlargements 18 of the chamber of the mold-is cons derable,-or at 'the.ingot,. and the angle-of'inclinationof the least suflicient,'to accommodate andfacilk, 7

'tate such.farther separation of the inold sec tions. Iwould rema'rkalso that 'theg'ingot-' fl'a es formed inxthe enlarged portions 18 ing ofthe ingotwill duri'nigt the contraction of the ingot-in the mold a er an expansion or separation of the moldesecftions from heat 3 during the oeratiOnof-the moldopera-te as wedges act outwardly against theslop- "ing, walls '1-6of the said enlar ements, and;

e separable-' thereby operate' .to separate .t mold-sections stillfarther;

WhatI claimis of upright sections having the arrangement and contour'required to form opposite halves chamber of,

l I O or portions, respectively, of the the-mold which moldsections have a limited movement apart and are normall close together; means externa y. of the mold-,- at eachjoint between the said mold- 'sections,' forf tying; the said sections together,

which means comprises -a.t 1e rod or bolt ex tending .across the said 'oint, which bolt or rodhas a slot arranged etween and a suit. able distance from'the ends of therod or bolt; twoearsfembracing. the said bolt and formed upon the different mold-sections rearranged Y uring the castspectively, andone of the said ears; partially saidbolt stop a forming' or red at'the outer ends of the said ears. and instrumental in limiting endwise movement of the rod or bolt 'in opposite directions respectively; an elasticdevice upon the. bolt or rodfand 0on of" the saidstop-formi'ng membersand the adjacent ear andactin' to retain the aforesaid mold-sections m t eir normal position, and a tapering key or wedge engaging the aforesaid slot.

2. A partible ingot-mold comprisin upright sections having the arrangement anrf contour required to form the chamber of the mold, which mold-sectionshave a limited movement apart and are normally arranged close together; means externally of the upper portion as well as externally of the lower portion of the mold, at each joint between the said mold-sections, for tying the said sections together, which means comprises a tie bolt or rod arranged in a horizontal plane and having a slot; two cars embracing the said bolt or rod at opposite sides respectively of the adjacent joint between the aforesaid moldsections and projecting from the different mold-sections respectively, and one of the said ears normally covering a portion of the aforesaid slot; stop-forming members on the rod or bolt at the outer ends of the said ears and instrumental in limiting endwise movement of the bolt or rod in opposite directions respectively; a spiral spring on the bolt or rod and confined between one of the stop-forming members and adjacent ear and acting to retain the aforesaid mold-sections in their normal position, and a tapering key or wedge engaging the aforesaid slot.

3. A partible ingot-mold comprising upright sections forming the chamber of the mold, which sections have a limited movement apart and are normally arranged close together; means externally of the mold at each joint between the said mold-sections for tying the-said sections together, which means comprises a tie bolt or rod arranged in a horizontal plane, which rod or bolt has a slot which is arranged between and a suitable distance from the ends of the bolt or rod; two ears embracing the said rod or bolt and formed upon the different mold-sections ,respectively, and one of the said ears normally covering a portion of the aforesaid slot; sto forming members on the rod or bolt at tl ie outer ends of the said ears and instrumental in limiting endwise movement of the bolt or rod in opposite directions respectively; an elastic device on the rod or bolt and confined I between one of the said stop-forming members and the adjacent ear and acting to. retain the aforesaid mold-sections in their nor-- mal positions; a tapering key or wedge engaging the aforesaid slot; and a shield-forming flange or member formed at the top and outer end of each ear and overhanging the adjacent'portion of the bolt or rod and members upon the said rod or bolt at the outer end of the said ear.

4. A partible ingot-mold comprising sections forming the chamber of the mold, which sections have a limited movement apart and are normally arranged close together; means externally of the mold at the joints between the said mold-sections for tying the said sections together, which means comprises tie bolts or rods arranged. in a horizontal or approximately horizontal plane and having a diametrically-enlarged central portion which has a slot extending from the upper side of the said portion downwardly two ears embracing each rod or bolt and formed upon the different mold-sections respectively, and one of the said ears normally covering the aforesaid slot; stop-formin members on each bolt or rod at the outer ends of the ears which embrace the said rod or bolt, which stop-form ing members are instrumental in limiting end wise movement of the bolt or rod, and elastic means confined between one of the said stopforming members and the adjacent ear and acting to retain the aforesaid mold-sections in their normal position, and the hole in one of the ears which embrace each rod or bolt being enlarged diametrically to receive the diametrically-enlarged central and slotted portion of the said bolt or rod, and downwardly-tapering keys engaging the slots in the rods or bolts.

specification, in the presence of two witnesses, this 6th day of September, 1902, at Cleveland, Ohio.

HENRY GREY.

Witnesses:

C. H. DoRER, TELSA SCHWARTZ.

In testimony whereof I sign the foregoing 

